鏃犳満娑傛枡鏄互鏃犳満纭呴吀鐩愪负涓荤矘缁撴枡锛孅/span>閰嶅悎涓€瀹氶噺鐨勯珮鍒嗗瓙鏉愭枡銆佸姪鍓傦紙娑傛枡涓珮鍒嗗瓙鏈夋満鐗╁惈閲忎笉瓒呰繃5%锛堻/span>鍜岄濉枡鍒跺緱鐨勬秱鏂欍€傝繖閲岀殑楂樺垎瀛忺/span>鏈夋満鐗?/span>鍚噺鏄寚250鈩冧互涓嬩笉鎸ュ彂鐨勬墍鏈夐珮鍒嗗瓙鏈夋満鐗╂€诲拰锛屽寘鎷悇绉嶅姪鍓傘€佷钩娑层€侀珮娌哥偣婧跺墏绛夋墍鏈夌殑鍑€鏈夋満鐗╂€婚噺銆侟/span>
鑷?/span>1878骞村痉鍥藉寲瀛﹀鍑锛圏/span>ADOLF KEIM锛夎幏寰楀浗鐜嬭矾寰风淮甯屼竴涓栭鍙戠殑纭呴吀閽剧熆鐗╂秱鏂欎笓鍒╄嚦浠婏紝宸叉湁涓€鐧近/span>鍥汓/span>鍗佷綑骞村巻鍙层€侟/span>1890-1895骞撮棿锛屽湪鐟炲＋銆佸痉鍥键/span>浣跨敤纭呴吀閽剧熆鐗╂秱鏂欒楗扮殑寤虹瓚浠嶇劧瀹夊ソ濡傚垵銆侟/span>
涓€ 甯傚満闇€姹侟/span>
1锛庨珮璐ㄩ噺鍙戝睍鐨勯渶瑕侊細
鍏氱殑鍗佷節澶ф寚鍑猴紝鎴戝浗缁忔祹宸茬敱楂橀€熷闀块樁娈佃浆鍚戦珮璐ㄩ噺鍙戝睍闃舵锛孅/span>姝ｅ鍦ㄨ浆鍙樺彂灞曟柟寮忋€佷紭鍖栫粡娴庣粨鏋勩€佽浆鎹㈠闀垮姩鍔涚殑鏀诲叧鏈熴€傝繖鏄柊鏃朵唬鎴戝浗缁忔祹鍙戝睍鐨勯矞鏄庣壒寰併€侟/span>
浣滀负鑺傝兘鐜繚銆?/span>鑰愭疆鑰愪箙銆侀槻闇堻/span>闅剧噧銆?/span>閫忔皵鑸掗€傜瓑鐗圭偣鐨勬棤鏈虹閰哥洂娑傛枡锛屽洜鍏剁浉瀵逛簬浼犵粺涔宠兌婕嗗叿澶囧緢澶氱嫭鐗圭殑鐗圭偣鍙婂簲鐢紝鍦ㄩ珮璐ㄩ噺鍙戝睍鐨勪粖澶╋紝瓒婃潵瓒婂紩璧锋斂搴滃拰娑堣垂鑰呯殑閲嶈銆侟/span>
2.1鑺傝兘鐜繚鐨勯渶瑕侊細
鍗佷節澶ф姤鍛婁腑瀵规柊鏃朵唬鏂板緛绋嬩綔鍑烘€讳綋閮ㄧ讲锛岀敓鎬佹枃鏄庡缓璁捐鎻愬埌鏂扮殑鎴樼暐楂樺害銆傚潥鎸佷汉涓庤嚜鐒跺拰璋愬叡鐢燂紝寤鸿鐢熸€佹枃鏄庢槸涓崕姘戞棌姘哥画鍙戝睍鐨勫崈骞村ぇ璁°€侟/span>
鍦ㄥ湴鐞冨湴澹充腑锛屾哀鐨勫惈閲忎负48.06%锛岀涓?6.30%锛屼负鑷劧鐣屼腑鍏冪礌瀛樺湪閲忕殑澶翠袱浣嶃€備互纭呴吀鐩愪负涓昏鎴愯啘鐗╃殑鏃犳満娑傛枡澶уぇ鍑忓皯浜嗗鐭虫补鍖栧伐鐨勪緷璧栥€侟/span>
鏃犳満纭呴吀鐩愭秱鏂欎腑瀵逛汉浣撴湁瀹崇殑鏈夋満婧跺墏杈冧紶缁熶钩鑳舵紗灏戯紝鏃犳満娑傛枡涓寘鎷師鏂欑殑鐢熶骇銆佹秱鏂欑殑鍔犲伐浠ュ強娑傝啘鑰佸寲锛屽皢瀵圭幆澧冪殑褰卞搷灏藉彲鑳界殑闄嶅埌*浣庯紝涓旂幆澧冩湰韬兘杈冨揩鍦拌嚜鎴戞仮澶嶃€侟/span>
2.2闅剧噧鎴栦笉鐕冪殑闇€瑕侊細閫傜敤浜庡競鏀垮伐绋嬨€佸伐涓氬巶鎴裤€佷綇瀹呫€佸鏍°€佸尰闄㈢瓑瀵归毦鐕冩垨涓嶇噧瑕佹眰姣旇緝楂樼殑鍦烘墍銆侟/span>
鍘熷洜锛欬/span>鏃犳満纭呴吀鐩愭秱鏂欎富瑕佹垚鍒嗕负鏃犳満鐭跨墿璐紝鍏锋湁鑹ソ鐨勯毦鐕冩垨涓嶇噧鎬э紝涓嶅儚涔宠兌婕嗘垨鍏朵粬鑳惰川娑傛枡锛屽湪鐏伨涓噧鐑у苟鏁ｅ彂姣掓皵銆侟/span>
2.3闃茶厫闃查湁鐨勯渶瑕侊細鏇撮€傚悎鍦伴搧銆侀毀閬撱€佸湴涓嬪銆佸崡鏂归珮婀垮湴鍩熷缓绛戠瓑瀵归槻鑵愰槻闇夎姹傛瘮杈冮珮鐨勫満鎵€鎴栧尯鍩熴€侟/span>
鍘熷洜锛欬/span>鏃犳満娑傛枡娑傝啘鐨勯€忔皵鎬?/span>濂斤紝鍏锋湁鍛煎惛浣滅敤锛氫竴鏂归潰锛屽浣撳唴閮ㄧ殑姘存苯鍙互寰堝鏄撶殑鎵╂暎鍒版秱鏂欒〃闈㈡尌鍙慄/span>鍒扮┖姘斾腑锛涘彟涓€鏂归潰锛屽綋绌烘皵涓箍搴﹀ぇ鏃讹紝鍦ㄥ闈㈢殑鍐峰嚌姘翠害鍙互寰堝鏄撶殑鎵╂暎鍒板浣撳唴閮紝閬垮厤婀挎皵灞€閮ㄨ仛闆嗭紱鏃犳満娑傛枡娑傝啘鎶楁按鎬уソ锛屼笖鏈夋満鐗╁惈閲忎綆锛孅/span>pH鍊奸珮锛屽噺灏戦湁鑿岀殑鐢熼暱銆侟/span>
2.4鏃犳満鑷劧涓嶅埡鐪肩殑闇€瑕侊細鏇撮€傚悎闅ч亾銆佸湴閾併€佸湴涓嬭溅搴撶瓑鏈夎溅鐨勫満鎵€锛屽鏍°€佸尰闄€侀珮妗ｅ瑁呯瓑銆侟/span>
鍘熷洜锛氭棤鏈虹閰哥洂娑傛枡娑傝啘瀛旈殭鐜囬珮锛堜笉鍚屼簬浼犵粺涔宠兌婕嗙殑杩炵画鎬ф秱鑶滐級锛屽厜绾挎极鍙嶅皠涓嶄細瀵逛汉鐨勮瑙夐€犳垚鍒烘縺銆侟/span>
2.5鍔熻兘鎬ф秱鏂欑殑闇€瑕侊細鏃犳満娑傛枡鏇撮€傚悎涓庡悇绉嶅姛鑳芥€ф潗鏂欙紙濡傚厜瑙﹀獟銆佽礋绂诲瓙鏉愭枡绛夛級鎼厤锛屽厖鍒嗗彂鎸ュ叾浣滅敤銆侟/span>
鍘熷洜锛氭棤鏈虹閰哥洂娑傛枡娑傝啘瀛旈殭鐜囬珮锛屽湪鍏呭垎鍚搁檮鍥哄畾鍚勭鍔熻兘鎬ф潗鏂欑殑鍚屾椂锛屽張鍙互浣垮姛鑳芥€ф潗鏂欏厖鍒嗕笌绌烘皵鎺ヨЕ锛孅/span>鐩稿浜庝紶缁熶钩鑳舵紗鑰岃█锛屾洿鑳藉厖鍒咟/span>鍙戞尌鍔熻兘鎬ф潗鏂欑殑浣滅敤銆侟/span>
2.6鑰愪箙鎬?/span>鐨勯渶瑕?/span>锛欬/span>鏃犳満鐭跨墿娑傛枡鐨勪娇鐢ㄦ儏鍐佃瘉瀹烇紝鎸佷箙鑰愮敤鍦?/span>15骞翠互涓婏紝涓嶉渶瑕佺粡甯告秱鍒枫€備粠娆ф床鐨勫伐绋嬪疄渚嬬湅锛屽凡缁忔湁30骞翠互涓婄殑浣跨敤缁忓巻銆侟/span>
鍘熷洜锛欬/span>
鈶?nbsp;閫傚簲鎬у己锛欬/span>鏃犳満纭呴吀鐩愭秱鏂欓€傜敤浜庢墍鏈夌殑鐭跨墿璐ㄥ熀搴曪紝骞惰兘澶熷姞鍥烘瘺缁嗚缂濆強鏉捐劚鐨勬棤鏈鸿川琛ㄩ潰銆傝€屾湁鏈烘秱鏂欑殑浣滀笟蹇呴』渚濊禆涓ュ瘑鐨凕/span>鎶桙/span>纰包/span>搴曟紗锛屼絾鏄粡杩囦竴娈垫椂闂翠互鍚庯紝涓€鏃﹀簳婕嗚澧欎綋纰辨€х牬鍧忥紝灏变細閫犳垚绮夊寲锛岀劧鍚庤捣娉°€佽劚钀姐€侟/span>
鈶?nbsp;娓楅€忔€уソ锛欬/span>鏃犳満娑傛枡娑傚埛鏃讹紝纭呴吀鐩愭垨绾崇背纭呰兌闅忔按浠芥笚鍏ュ埌鍩洪潰0.5-2MM娣憋紝骞朵笌鐭跨墿璐ㄥ熀搴曞彂鐢熷寲鍚堝弽搴旓紝褰㈡垚涓€绉嶆姉纰遍槻閰哥殑纭呯煶锛屼娇娑傛枡涓庡浣撶墷鍥虹殑缁撳悎涓轰竴浣撱€備笉鍍忓缓绛戞补婕嗗拰涔宠兌婕嗗彧鏄竴灞傜毊鑶滐紝涓庡熀灞備粎鏄墿鐞嗙矘闄勫拰閮ㄥ垎姘㈤敭缁撳悎銆侟/span>
鈶↑/span> 鐭冲寲浣滅敤锛欬/span>鏃犳満娑傛枡鍜屽澹佸悓灞炵熆鐗╁熀璐紝鏈夌浉鍚岀殑鑶ㄨ儉/浼哥缉绯绘暟锛孅/span>闄嶄綆寤虹瓚鐗╄楗板眰涓庣粨鏋勫眰鍥犵儹鑳€鍐风缉寮曡捣搴斿姏宸紝闃叉寤虹瓚鐗╄楗板眰榫熻鍜屽墺钀姐€侟/span>
鈶?nbsp;闃查吀鎬т镜铓€锛欬/span>鐭冲寲鍙嶅簲褰㈡垚鐨勭鐭筹紝鍖栧鎬ц川鏋佷负绋冲畾涓嶅彈閰告€х墿璐ㄧ殑渚佃殌锛岃兘闃叉澶ф皵涓殑纭寲鐗╁強閰搁洦鐨勪镜铓€銆侟/span>
鈶?nbsp;鑰愭憾鍓侟/span>锛氭棤鏈烘秱鏂欒€愭补姹℃€у己锛屾秱鑶滄薄鏌撶巼灏忥紝娑傝啘寮哄害鎹熷け鐜囦綆銆侟/span>
鈶?nbsp;閫忔皵鎬уソ锛欬/span>鐢变簬鏃犳満娑傛枡涓庡韬鍖栧弽搴斿舰鎴愮殑寰櫠缁撴瀯鍏锋湁鑹ソ鐨勯€忔皵鎬ц兘锛岃兘浣垮浣撴按鍒嗗厖鍒嗚捀鍙慄/span>锛屼粠鑰岄檷浣庤楗板眰鍥犳箍姘斾镜铓€閫犳垚鐨勮€佸寲鎴栨秱鑶滅殑鐖嗙毊鑴辫惤锛屾彁楂樻暣浣撹楗板眰鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ勾闄愩€侟/span>
鈶?nbsp;鑰愯€佸寲鎬уソ锛岃壊褰╂寔涔呬笉瑜壊锛欬/span>鏃犳満娑傛枡鎵€鐢ㄧ殑涓荤矘缁撴枡鍜岄濉枡閮芥槸鑰愰吀纰便€佽€愪箙锛堝嵆鑰愬€欍€佽€愮传澶栫嚎鑰佸寲锛夎€愰珮娓╃殑鏃犳満鐗╋紝鑳芥湁鏁堥槻姝㈢传澶栫嚎鐨勮緪灏勶紝鏁呮秱鏂欓鑹叉寔涔呬笉瑜壊銆侟/span>
鈶?/span>闃插皹鑷磥锛欬/span>鏃犳満娑傛枡纭呭寲鐨勮〃闈㈠湪澶槼鍜屽ぇ姘斾綔鐢ㄤ笅浼氬儚宀╃煶涓€鏍饵/span>鈥淈span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 瀹嬩綋;">鑰佸寲鈥滭/span>锛屽舰鎴愭瀬钖勭殑绮夊寲灞傦紝鍦ㄩ闆ㄧ殑鍐插埛涓嬶紝浣垮叾杩炲悓姹＄墿涓€璧疯劚钀斤紝淇濇寔娑傝啘琛ㄩ潰娓呮磥銆侟/span>
搴旂敤瀹炰緥锛欬/span>
鍖椾含鍩庡競鍓腑蹇冦€佷笂娴峰ゥ鏋楀尮鍏嬭姳鍥€侀娓柊鏈哄満銆侀娓湴閾侊紱缇庡浗鐧藉銆佽嫳鍥界櫧閲戞眽瀹€侀樋鎷変集鐜嬪銆佸痉鍥界淮鏂暀鍫傘€佸痉鍥芥厱灏奸粦瑗块棬瀛愭€婚儴銆佹柊鍔犲潯鎬荤粺搴滅瓑銆侟/span>